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Secondary Consumer. Famous swamps include the Everglades in the United States, the Xixi National Wetland Park in China, and the Candaba Swamp in the Philippines. African Savanna Food Web . Ladybugs feed on aphids. Your email address will not be published. Secondary Consumers The second level in the pond food web makes up secondary consumers who feed on the primary consumers. Some examples are cypress swamps, mangrove swamps, shrub swamps, salt marshes, flatwoods and bogs. ecosystem of Georgia. The secondary consumers are small fish called slimy sculpin. Decomposers complete the cycle of life, returning nutrients to the soil or oceans for use by autotrophs. Decomposers. Its like a teacher waved a magic wand and did the work for me. 9 0 obj Conner, W. H. & Day, J. W. "The ecology of forested wetlands in Energy transfer between trophic levels is inefficientwith a typical efficiency around 10%. It helped me pass my exam and the test questions are very similar to the practice quizzes on Study.com. Plant, Lion, Squirrel B. Squirrel, Plants, Eagle C. Eagle, Squirrel, Plant D. Plant, Rabbit, Dog, Biologydictionary.net Editors. People eat plants, such as vegetables and fruits. producers, decomposers, consumer levels (primary, secondary, tertiary), the This wetland food web example diagram highlights that apex predators usually have several prey sources and other vital relationships in the ecosystem. Direct link to Dalton's post Is there a difference in , Posted 5 years ago. the food chain in a swamp is quite complex giving that the arrangement of beings and or life forms is very fruitful in a swamp. Secondary Consumers A fish, caught by a heron in Nokomis, Florida, has another fish in its mouth. The diet of these herbivores may change with the seasonal availability of the various plants parts, such as the seeds, fruit, nectar, leaves, or roots. Butterfly monarch butterfly Scientific order: Rhopalocera Butterflies can be found worldwide in different ecosystems, except for the Arctic. Bonus question: This food web contains the food chain we saw earlier in the articlegreen algae. Owl Food Chain & Diet Types | Are Owls Carnivores? Those are eaten by primary consumers like mice. Is there a difference in the way autotrophs and heterotrophs are decomposed? Plants are eaten by herbivores and omnivores. However, secondary consumers can either be carnivores or omnivores. These are always at the top of the food web, food pyramid, or food chain. If answer is Decomposer please mention the authentic source to prove this statement correct means any book where it is written like so. This is the first trophic level. How food chains and food webs represent the flow of energy and matter. Secondary Consumers: Secondary consumers are the next link in the food chain and fee on primary consumers. two major categories of wetlands: inland and coastal. Energy is: A. Direct link to 's post What type of consumer eag, Posted 6 years ago. Within the image, the hawk is the only quaternary consumer shown. Biology Dictionary. lessons in math, English, science, history, and more. Through processes like denitrification and plant uptake, wetlands can help remove some of this excess nitrogen introduced to wetland and aquatic ecosystems. & Gosselink J. G. Wetlands. Only one animal per trophic level is typically included, as food chains are organized by tropic level. Carnivores only eat other animals, and omnivores eat both plant and animal matter. This is the energy that's available to the next trophic level since only energy stored as biomass can get eaten. Within that framework, ecologists can examine a near-endless array of ecological topics, from the physiology of species coping with flooding stress and anoxia to species interactions, to the impacts of and feedbacks to global climate change. Publications, 1982): 6987. Ebony has taught middle and high school physical science, life science & biology. If you're seeing this message, it means we're having trouble loading external resources on our website. Deer, turtles, and many types of birds are herbivores. For example, 10% of the solar energy that is captured by phytoplankton gets passed on to zooplankton (primary consumers). Biosphere 2000Protecting Our Global Environment - Definition, Advantages & Examples, The Origin and History of Life On Earth: Help and Review, Basic Molecular Biology Laboratory Techniques: Help and Review, UExcel Anatomy & Physiology: Study Guide & Test Prep, UExcel Microbiology: Study Guide & Test Prep, Human Anatomy & Physiology: Help and Review, NY Regents Exam - Earth Science: Help and Review, NY Regents Exam - Chemistry: Tutoring Solution, NY Regents Exam - Living Environment: Tutoring Solution, NY Regents Exam - Physics: Tutoring Solution, Middle School Earth Science: Help and Review, SAT Subject Test Chemistry: Tutoring Solution, SAT Subject Test Physics: Tutoring Solution, What are Trophic Levels? When you reach out to him or her, you will need the page title, URL, and the date you accessed the resource. These are called primary consumers, or herbivores. %PDF-1.5 Direct link to Nieves Mendoza's post http://www.saralstudy.com, Posted 6 years ago. Primary Consumers: Primary consumers feed on plants and assimilate the energy produced by the plants. <> Aquatic environments are capable of supporting several types of secondary consumers because of the vast amount of food sources available. Somecharacteristics of secondary consumersare: What are the secondary consumers? States." When evaluating the economic value of these various functions, Costanza et al. Required fields are marked *. Fungi and bacteria are the key decomposers in many ecosystems; they use the chemical energy in dead matter and wastes to fuel their metabolic processes. Finally, a hawkan apex predatorswoops down and snatches up the snake.In a pond, the autotroph might be algae. Detritivore Examples & Significance | What is a Detritivore? Pond Food Web | Consumers, Decomposers & Producers. Threatened wetland plants include a swamp helmet orchid, a clubmoss, a hooded orchid and a carnivorous bladderwort. As a group, they eat dead matter and waste products that come from organisms at various other trophic levels; for instance, they would happily consume decaying plant matter, the body of a half-eaten squirrel, or the remains of a deceased eagle. For instance, an organism can sometimes eat multiple types of prey or be eaten by multiple predators, including ones at different trophic levels. These adaptations, including pressurized gas flow (Figure 3), creation of oxidized root zones, and anaerobic respiration, allow wetland plants to remain productive under otherwise stressful conditions, making wetlands among the most productive ecosystems in the world (Whittaker & Likens 1973). Or, of course, they can do what we so often see in nature programs: one of them can eat the otherchomp! 1 0 obj The feces and uneaten, dead organisms become food for decomposers, who metabolize them and convert their energy to heat through cellular respiration. Did you have turkey last Thanksgiving? Each of these animals fills a different role, and a select few fill the role of quaternary consumer. There may be more levels of consumers before a chain finally reaches its top predator. Links in the ChainOrganisms consume nutrients from a variety of different sources in the food chain. Flooding can affect the physiochemistry of wetlands in various ways. endobj Even humans can be considered a quaternary consumer. Field Indicators of Hydric Soils in the United Omnivores, like the Florida black bear, eat saw palmetto, acorns, berries, fish, and honey. Explore producers and consumers in a food chain and see examples of organisms classified as quaternary consumers. As such, many wetlands are often recognized as important conservation or restoration targets. Common diagnostic features of wetlands are hydric soils and hydrophytic vegetation. All rights reserved. Wetland ecologists examine interactions between species and their environment, recognizing the important role that hydrology plays in shaping the physicochemical environment and biological communities in wetlands. Therefore, a food web would show arrows from a mosquito to a frog and a fish. Not all of the individual organisms in a trophic level will get eaten by organisms in the next level up. You cannot download interactives. Sometimes, these relationships even go in different directions. To represent these relationships more accurately, we can use a. These nonlinear relationships are best expressed as a web to allow learners to see the whole picture of the swamp food web. Tertiary consumers are often apex predators, or carnivores that are not consumed by any other species. Like primary consumers, secondary feeders include many different types of wildlife. Classification of Wetlands and Deepwater Instead of hunting, they eat the excess animal remains that other predators leave behind. they wanted to protect the species and help them. Retrieved from https://biologydictionary.net/secondary-consumer/. Rainforest Food Web . However, within consumers you can find different types. Secondary production by these primary consumers supports higher trophic levels, including predatory insects, fishes, reptiles, amphibians, birds, and mammals. Why does so much energy exit the food web between one trophic level and the next? Secondary consumer: an animal that eats plants and/or animals in order to get energy. The animals in the second level are frogs, fish, crayfish, other amphibians, and reptiles like water snakes and turtles. Ecology 43, 614624 (1962). Scientists keep track of the energy movement through consumers by grouping them into tropic levels. b. Decomposers provide mineral nutrients for . Desert Biome Food Web. When many such individual food chains occur in an ecosystem, it is known as Food Web. by tides. To unlock this lesson you must be a Study.com Member. In a food chain, each organism occupies a different. Animals are broken down into three consumption categories. Direct link to Serenity's post they wanted to protect th, Posted 5 years ago. The movement, distribution, and quality of water is the primary factor influencing wetland structure and function. You have authorized LearnCasting of your reading list in Scitable. (Jaipur, India: National Institute of Ecology and International Scientific Ten percent of that energy (10% of 10%, which is 1%) gets passed on to the organisms (secondary consumers) that eat the zooplankton. 6 0 obj Ten Percent Rule, energy, matter. The trophic levels are: Sometimes, these relationships are shown as a pyramid. This inefficiency limits the length of food chains. However, some omnivores are simply scavengers. The audio, illustrations, photos, and videos are credited beneath the media asset, except for promotional images, which generally link to another page that contains the media credit. They are: A food web links many food chains together, showing the multi-linear and multi-directional diagram of each feeding relationship. By eating fish, the bear may acts as a secondary, tertiary, or quaternary consumer (depending on what the fish ate) and by eating berries it acts as a primary consumer. Coyotes are known to eat anything. Carnivorous . For example, black bears can eat almost anything, from berries and bugs to other large herbivores or omnivores. - Definition & Explanation, Clumped Dispersion Pattern: Definition & Explanation, Denitrification: Definition & Explanation, Intraspecific Competition: Example & Definition, Island Biogeography: Theory, Definition & Graph, Metapopulation: Definition, Theory & Examples, Trophic Levels in a Food Chain: Definition & Explanation, What Is Ecology? Its like a teacher waved a magic wand and did the work for me. Food webs don't usually show decomposersyou might have noticed that the Lake Ontario food web above does not. However, these transfers are inefficient, and this inefficiency limits the length of food chains. Wetland Food Chain Importance & Overview | Types of Wetland Food Chains, Arctic Food Web | Producers, Consumers & the Arctic Ecosystem. Although three levels have been mentioned, within consumers there are four types and, specifically, in this interesting AgroCorrn article we will talk aboutwhat secondary consumers are and examplesof them and of food chains. National Research Council (NRC). The inundation or saturation of wetland soils by water leads to the formation of anaerobic conditions as oxygen is depleted faster than it can be replaced by diffusion. Hydrologic pulses can alter productivity along a flooding gradient by altering the extent of flood subsidies and stresses in a wetland (Figure 2). Your email address will not be published. pulsing paradigm. The small fish are eaten by larger fish, the tertiary consumers. A polar bear that eats fish may be operating as a tertiary consumer, but if that same bear later consumes a seal that fed on the same type of fish, it's probably acting as a quaternary consumer. Estuaries 18, 547555 (1995). endobj In addition, and thanks to the increase in producers, Another factor that should be given is the. For example, opossum shrimp eat both primary producers and primary consumers. In Wetlands: Ecology and Management, eds. FJ!Ge{wRn"x4*d[(-% If so, you've filled the role of primary consumer by eating lettuce (a producer). To unlock this lesson you must be a Study.com Member. Trophic pyramid illustrating the 10% energy transfer rule. We eat fungi, such as mushrooms. Trophic levels classify species based on what they eat. <> Dung beetles eat animal feces.Decomposers like fungi and bacteria complete the food chain. Turner, R. E. Intertidal vegetation and Producers are organisms that use sunlight or chemical energy to create their own food. Major Landforms of South Asia Overview & Location | What are South Asia Landforms? A coniferous forest is a forest made of conifers, or cone-bearing trees. Content of this site copyright Texas Parks and Wildlife Department unless otherwise noted. Secondary consumers are organisms that eat primary consumers for energy. In the following, we will showexamples of food chains, food chains or trophic chains, highlighting secondary consumers. This page has been archived and is no longer updated. Nutrient limitations. Decomposers as a group play a critical role in keeping ecosystems healthy. Polar bears, hawks, wolves, lions, and sharks are all examples of organisms that function as quaternary consumers. <>/ExtGState<>/XObject<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 612 792] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> even though we eat mushrooms. The bottom of the pyramid makes 100% of its own energy. The Rights Holder for media is the person or group credited. Let's clarify things with a picture. American alligators are common in the Everglades and can weigh over 1,000 pounds. Do you want to LearnCast this session? Teal, J. M. Energy flow in the salt marsh Primary consumers are always herbivores, or organisms that only eat autotrophic plants. To revisit our previous definition, quaternary consumers eat tertiary consumers. For a real-world example, people often fish for perch by using minnows as bait. Nearly all autotrophs use a process called photosynthesis to create food (a nutrient called glucose) from sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water.Plants are the most familiar type of autotroph, but there are many other kinds. Water is also cleaned as it passes through a swamp because swamps filter out sediments, chemicals, and other impurities. Hoboken, These tertiary consumers gain the least amount of energy in the food chain. The tertiary consumers such as foxes, owls, and snakes eat secondary and primary consumers. They control the population of primary consumers. National Resources Conservation Service (NRCS). Here, the producers are consumed by the predators-primary and secondary consumers and then the detritivores and finally by decomposers. We also eat algae, in edible seaweeds like nori (used to wrap sushi rolls) and sea lettuce (used in salads).Detritivores and decomposers are the final part of food chains. Ladybugs, beetles, raccoons, foxes, and small rodents are all swamp animals. Swamps are characterized as wetlands located in a low lying area of land, permanently saturated with fresh or salt water. Heterotrophic animals are those that feed on organic matter to obtain energy. The best way to define myself as a blogger is by reading my texts, so I encourage you to do so. Trophic levels classify species based upon who they feed and who feeds on them. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. lessons in math, English, science, history, and more. value of the world's ecosystem services and natural capital. I would definitely recommend Study.com to my colleagues. States. Which of the following is in the correct order based on trophic levels (lowest to highest): A. Here is a pond life food chain, including young tadpoles, who areprimary consumers at this stage in their life. Quaternary consumers eat tertiary consumers. This is becoming increasingly common as pressure is put on the agricultural field to produce more food per acre to keep up with demand, necessitating the use of fertilizers and other chemicals that sometimes run off into the watershed. Despite the diversity of wetland types, all wetlands share some common features. After the costs of respiration, plant net primary . carnivores are primarily responsible for hunting and killing other animals . When it does, it attracts primary consumers like prawns, crabs and mollusks In turn, the secondary consumers like the herons, pelicans, and fish are attracted to the prawns, crabs and mollusks and they eat them. The next level includes the primary consumers that eat primary producers. But, how do they obtain this energy? Have you ever eaten a salad? Deciduous & Temperate Forest Food Web | Producers, Biome & Threats, Tropical Rainforest Producers & Consumers | Types, Examples & Functions, Desert Producers & Consumers | Ecosystems, Adaptations & Examples, Tropical Rainforest Food Web | Primary & Secondary Rainforest Consumers, SAT Subject Test Biology: Practice and Study Guide, High School Physical Science: Tutoring Solution, Prentice Hall Chemistry: Online Textbook Help, Holt Science Spectrum - Physical Science: Online Textbook Help, CSET Foundational-Level General Science (215) Prep, SAT Subject Test Chemistry: Practice and Study Guide, CSET Science Subtest II Earth and Space Sciences (219): Test Prep & Study Guide, ILTS Science - Earth and Space Science (108): Test Practice and Study Guide, Create an account to start this course today. As a rule of thumb, only about 10% of the energy that's stored as biomass in one trophic levelper unit timeends up stored as biomass in the next trophic levelper the same unit time. To be classified as a wetland, the presence of water must contribute to the formation of hydric soils, which are formed under flooded or saturated conditions persisting long enough for the development of anaerobic conditions during the growing season (NRCS 1998). The presence However, food chains provide an excellent resource to students interested in the ecology of feeding. Within the trophic levels they constitute the third, since the base or first are the decomposers, then there are the primary consumers in the second level and then the secondary consumers in the third level. Autotrophs are usually plants or one-celled organisms. All organisms on this planet must obtain energy in order to survive. We also eat animals and animal products, such as meat, milk, and eggs. So, none of the energy actually disappearsit all winds up as heat in the end. While a food chain can be viewed as a simple one-way street for energy flow, from one level to the next, food webs become a maze of intricately woven strands of energy pathways flowing through the multiple predator prey relationships for a diversity of species located in all of the trophic levels. Wetlands also support a variety of carnivores, including dragonflies, otters, alligators, and osprey. Swamps are one of the most critical ecosystems in the world because they help hold and filter water. m|KRBfIJH#1!7G IHH$K4HHDE&m/'G This, As an example, let's suppose the primary producers of an ecosystem store 20,000 kcal/m. Wetlands: The organisms that eat the primary producers are called, The organisms that eat the primary consumers are called, The organisms that eat the secondary consumers are called, Some food chains have additional levels, such as. Secondary consumers are organisms that eat primary consumers for energy. Swamps are found on every continent except Antarctica. Recharge Variability in Semi-Arid Climates, The Nitrogen Cycle: Processes, Players, and Human Impact, Secondary Production, Quantitative Food Webs, and Trophic Position, Terrestrial Primary Production: Fuel for Life, Figure 1:Hypothetical wetland water budget, A wetland's water budget describes its change in water volume over a given time interval, and includes all sources of water inflows (S, Figure 2:Subsidy-stress model illustrating the relationship between ecosystem productivity and wetland hydrology along a flooding gradient. For this, three key aspects would have to be given: In the absence of secondary consumers, there would be animbalance in the ecosystems and in the food chain itself, since primary consumers, those that generally feed on biomass, would not have predators and, therefore, there would be an overpopulation of primary consumers. Examples of quaternary consumers include lions, wolves, polar bears, humans, and hawks. In this article we have talked aboutsecondaryconsumers, although in this section we will briefly talk about the rest of the consumers and their place inthe trophic pyramid: If you want to read more articles similar toSecondary consumers: what they are and examples, we recommend that you enter ourBiologycategory. Within the trophic levels they constitute the third, since the base or first are the decomposers, then there are the primary consumers in the second level and then the secondary consumers in the third level. Furthermore, as transitional areas, wetlands can possess characteristics of both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems while also possessing characteristics unique unto themselves. (2016, December 09). Omnivores, like people, consume many types of foods. As awareness of wetland ecosystem services and values has increased, wetland ecological research also has increased. As one organism consumes another, the availability of energy across the trophic levels gradually dwindles from the beginning to the end of the food chain. ",#(7),01444'9=82. succeed. succeed. In food webs, arrows point from an organism that is eaten to the organism that eats it. In some cases, some secondary consumers may also feed on plants. 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Top predators, also called apex predators, eat other consumers.Higher-level consumers (i.e., secondary, tertiary, and above) can be carnivores (animals that eat other animals) or omnivores (animals that eat both plants and animals). All rights reserved. If there were no aquatic secondary consumers, then primary consumers would have no population regulation. United States Environmental An error occurred trying to load this video. Dominic Corsini has an extensive educational background with a B.S. Primary consumers are usually herbivores, while secondary consumers can be either carnivores or omnivores. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 106, 411416 (1977). The food chain in the swamp starts with primary producers, like trees and grasses. <> Secondary consumers, on the other hand, may be carnivores or omnivores. % Wetlands Research Bureau and Facts on File, 1991. Since plants produce their own food they form the base trophic level, and are named the primary producers. biota, particularly rooted vascular plants, that are adapted to life in flooded, anaerobic environments. This paper explains how plants can be limiting since they are sources of food for herbivores and higher trophic levels are based on herbivores. Wetlands must have one or more of the following three attributes: 1. at least periodically, the land supports predominately hydrophytes; 2. the substrate is predominately undrained hydric soil; and 3. the substrate is nonsoil and is saturated with water or covered by shallow water at some time during the growing season of each year. Mitsch, W. J. Are corals secondary consumers? Areas of marsh, fen, peatland, or water, whether natural or artificial, permanent or temporary, with water that is static or flowing, fresh, brackish, or salt including areas of marine water, the depth of which at low tide does not exceed 6 meters. Freshwater Food Web | Overview, Freshwater Ecosystem & Examples, Primary Consumers Lesson for Kids: Definition & Examples. Luckily, secondary consumers have adapted to exist in every type of ecosystem. 43 chapters | There is a delicate balance within the food chain. Hydrology also influences the structure and function of wetland ecosystems through its influence on species richness, productivity, rates of organic matter accumulation, and nutrient cycling. On average, plant gross primary production on earth is about 5.83 x 10 6 cal m -2 yr -1 . A food chain is a linear diagram of the feeding relationships between organisms in an ecosystem. However, most animals eat one or two food sources and are consumed by one or two predators within the swamp food web. SAT Subject Test Chemistry: Practice and Study Guide, ILTS Science - Physics (116): Test Practice and Study Guide, ILTS Science - Environmental Science (112): Test Practice and Study Guide, CSET Science Subtest II Earth and Space Sciences (219): Test Prep & Study Guide, ILTS Science - Earth and Space Science (108): Test Practice and Study Guide, CSET Science Subtest II Chemistry (218): Practice & Study Guide, SAT Subject Test Biology: Practice and Study Guide, UExcel Earth Science: Study Guide & Test Prep, DSST Health & Human Development: Study Guide & Test Prep, Create an account to start this course today. Secondary Consumers: Musky Rat Kangaroo The scientific name is Hypsiprymnodon moschatus. Get started for FREE Continue. FWS/OBS-79/31, Washington, DC: US How can someone be both a primary consumer and quaternary consumer? the secondary are some lager fish like snook, also small birds and anacondas. The cow is a primary consumer, and the lettuce leaf on the patty is a primary producer. Secondary Consumers and Tertiary Consumers Do Not Move or Change anything on these pages. Photograph by Ernie Aranyosi, MyShot Photograph They turn organic wastes, such as decaying plants, into inorganic materials, such as nutrient-rich soil. As the trophic level of animals rises, so does the concentration of certain chemicals, including pollutants. By AgroCorrn we want to help people understand the main phenomena that are affecting our lives; the opportunities and challenges we face in areas such as Science, Technology, The Humanities, Nature or The Economy, About Us Icy tundras, arid savannahs, and artic waters are just some of the extreme environments secondary consumers live in. Food webs tend to be more complicated but more accurate in their depiction of feeding relationships. Food webs, which are multidirectional and show relationships between multiple species at the same trophic level, are more complex and more accurate and are detailed later in this lesson. In the image, you'll notice that small fish consume algae and aquatic plants. The soil in wetlands differs from that of adjacent uplands; it is often saturated How Did it happen? National Geographic News: Shark Ate Amphibian Ate Fish, National Geographic News: Acid Oceans Threatening Marine Food Chain. Swamps are wetlands located in low-lying areas of land that are permanently saturated with fresh or salt water. Detritivores, such as shredding insects and crayfish, can utilize dead plant material as their primary energy source, while others (e.g., marsh periwinkle snails) help process organic matter for subsequent use by other organisms. Some of the organic molecules an organism eats cannot be digested and leave the body as feces, poop, rather than being used. 487 lessons. To begin, turn your attention to the bottom of this image and the section called producers. This process is called chemosynthesis.The second trophic level consists of organisms that eat the producers. All rights reserved. As a consequence,primary consumers would disappearand producers would stop producing as they had no consumers. Caddo Connections - Activities & Lessons Supporting the Caddo Exhibit. Autotrophs form the base of food chains and food webs, and the energy they capture from light or chemicals sustains all the other organisms in the community. hydrology that results in wet or flooded soils, soils that are dominated by anaerobic processes, and.