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2022 Feb 23;14(5):867. doi: 10.3390/polym14050867. Tendon necrosis and rupture; Hand dysfunction; Amputation; Systemic infection ~75% of cases are associated with antecedent injury. They respond aggressively when their home is disturbed, biting and injecting venom. We've visualized two studie We've visualized the results of a new clinical trial that compared butter, cocon How long does COVID-19 live on Plastic? Mr. H was unsure of the date of his last tetanus shot and reported that the cat is up to date on all immunizations. Pasteurella multocida is the most common isolated pathogen transmitted from cats.2 The animals long and sharp canine teeth penetrate the skin, causing deep puncture wounds and providing an avenue for the induction of bacteria. fever or chills. A peripherally inserted central catheter line was placed and IV ceftriaxone (Rocephin) administered. However, more severe reactions can occur, and rashes can develop. Pediatrics in review. There was minimal pain and bleeding. Puncture wounds from a cat bite have a high risk of infection. But remember, if you are bitten, prompt medical care is required to prevent serious, even long-term complications from a cat bite infection. How long after a cat bite does infection set in? All rights reserved. 2002 Jan;34(1):22-9. doi: 10.1055/s-2002-22103. Accessibility tenderness or pain under your elbow or armpit due to swollen lymph nodes. Pulling away, Mr. H fell back and landed on a coffee table with his open right hand hyperextended. Monitor the area over the following few days for any usual symptoms or pain. This is particularly true when patients develop inflamed skin and swelling. If a cat bite breaks your skin, you should seek medical attention if: A cat bite carries a high risk of infection and can be dangerous. From the November 01, 2010 Issue of Clinical Advisor, Continuing Medical Education (CME/CE) Courses. But remember, if you are bitten, prompt medical care is required to prevent serious, even long-term complications from a cat bite infection. Would you like email updates of new search results? What are are the Differences between Cat and Dog Bites? Cat bite: an injury not to underestimate. 'The wrist is packed with tendons and blood vessels, so infection can be pumped to . Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies Pasteurella species was isolated from 35% of infected wounds. There are a few people, that develop severe allergic reactions to flea bites and can get irritated by a single bite. Dog and cat bites to the hand: treatment and cost assessment. The small but deep puncture wounds are. If the patient is allergic to penicillin, clindamycin 300 mg orally every 6 hours can be used. If you do get a cat bite, youll likely find out pretty quickly if its going to get infected. He is currently an Assistant Professor of Orthopedic Surgery at Louisiana State University (LSU) Health Sciences Center. Animal bites usually contain multiple potential pathogens, including Pasteurella multocida (particularly in cat bites), staphylococci, streptococci, and anaerobes. Of the hospitalized patients, 67% (n = 38) underwent irrigation and debridement, with 8 patients requiring more than 1 operation. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open. Weber DJ, Wolfson JS, Swartz MN, Hooper DC. [Hyatt, 2017] PFT is a clinical diagnosis!! How do you know if a cat bite is infected? Wear thick protective gloves when handling an injured or stray cat. Human and animal bites. (2017). Infection is the consequence of cat bites that medical professionals are most worried about. 2021 Aug;70(8):639-643. doi: 10.1007/s00101-021-01003-9. This includes bites that: [8] Are on the face Epidemiology Diabetic fingers with established peripheral neuropathy were more likely to undergo amputation. Can Vitamin D affect your risk of heart disease? He described severe nonradiating pain to his right hand and second digit unrelieved by Vicodin or Naprosyn. Of those, 57 were hospitalized; on average, they were in the hospital three days. Within a couple of hours the area was in severe pain, swollen, and red. Infections of Deep Hand and Wrist Compartments. (2015). Wound cultures were significant for Pasteurella multocida. The code is valid during the fiscal year 2023 from October 01, 2022 through September 30, 2023 for the submission of HIPAA-covered transactions. Can antioxidants supercharge your brain power? Cat bites are about twice as likely as dog bites to get infected. Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. If left untreated, cat bite infections can spread to other parts of the body, causing a condition called septicemia (blood poisoning), which requires hospitalization. Introduction. 2. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. If your cats get into a serious scuffle, use a blanket or sturdy piece of cardboard to try to separate them. And of course, most of us will pet stray cats we meet along the way, but not all seemingly friendly cats remain friendly after being approached by strangers. An official website of the United States government. The treatment of such infections often requires hospitalization, intravenous antibiotic therapy, and operative treatment. Delayed presentation of infected cat bites increased the likelihood of more complicated surgeries such as amputation. Dry the bite first, to help the Band Aid stick. Cats dont have more bacteria in their mouths than dogs. Cat bites are more frequent in the mornings, in the summer, and in spring [4]. Even though they dont look like much, a cats pinpoint bite marks can inject bacteria deeply into skin and joints, opening the door for a serious infection. Cats are also the main reservoir of Bartonella henselae, the causative agent of cat scratch disease, which was confirmed in the presented patient by serological examination. Pontchartrain Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Louisiana State University (LSU) Health Sciences Center. The drug of choice is amoxicillin/clavulanate 875 mg/125 mg b.i.d. The skin usually flaps over the bite, thereby sealing off . Theres also the risk that a cats teeth will break off during a bite and need to be extracted. You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our. I now fear joint or bone or tendon . These include: An infection from a cat bite may set in within a few hours, but it can take 10 days or more for some infections, like cat-scratch disease, to start showing symptoms. Mr. Hs medical history included hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and tobacco abuse. This virus is almost always fatal when untreated, but its extremely rare. Cats bite for a variety of reasons. Kheiran A, Palial V, Rollett R, Wildin CJ, Chatterji U, Singh HP. A cat bite on the hand can turn into a hospital stay, according to a new study. When they bite you, they are essentially injecting bacteria deep into your skins tissue. . Eikenella corrodens is often seen with human bite injuries and Pasteurella multocida is seen with dog and especially cat bite wounds. Brought to you by Merck & Co, Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA (known as MSD outside the US and Canada) dedicated to using leading-edge science to save and improve lives around the world. eCollection 2022. Cat bites can results in mild scarring, the raised area is probably a little scar tissue settling down. When a cat bites, it may not seem like a big deal it can be cute when theyre playing but some cat bites can pose significant health risks. Enechukwu AOM, Bucher F, Dastagir K, Jokuszies A, Vogt PM, Knneker S. Ann Med Surg (Lond). Cats have thin sharp teeth that dig into skin and drive bacteria deep into the wound. 6. Mr. H was diagnosed with a septic joint, scheduled for incision and drainage, and admitted to the hospital overnight for observation. We cannot answer questions about whether your bite needs medical attention in the comments section. In todays blog post, Dr. Brandon P. Donnelly discusses why the risk of a cat bite infection has become a growing concern. If you have been bitten by a cat, seeyour doctor or visit anurgent care facility. 2017 Dr. Brandon P. Donnelly The researchers said 57 of the patients who were bitten needed to be hospitalized, but only 36 had been admitted immediately after seeking medical treatment. Dutton LK, Hinchcliff KM, Logli AL, Mallett KE, Suh GA, Rizzo M. JB JS Open Access. The skin on the second digit of the right hand showed significant edema and erythema circumferentially (Figure 1). Careers. What to do? S61.451A is a billable/specific ICD-10-CM code that can be used to indicate a diagnosis for reimbursement purposes. [Brusalis, 2017] Penetrating injuries are the most common (ex, cat scratch/bite). Here's what you need to know. Keywords: The hand should be splinted in the functional position and elevated. doi: 10.1097/GOX.0000000000003778. Keywords: Hand or wrist infection; cat bites; delayed treatment; diabetic finger; finger amputation; public awareness. 5. If the cat's tooth reached your finger's tendon, it can be very difficult for your body to beat the infection. Bleeding may help flush out any bacteria that may have gotten into the wound. J Hand Surg Am. Complications were common among these patients. Cat bites need to be taken seriously and carefully evaluated by doctors, the study authors said. BP was 120/78 mm Hg, pulse 98 beats per minute, pulse oxygenation 97%, temperature 98.8F, and weight 290 lbs. "I washed the wounds on my wrist and put antiseptic on them," Bothun said. While 3-18 percent of dog bites become infected. Last Updated on: January 25, 2023 by Crystal Uys. Dog and cat bites to the hand: treatment and cost assessment. The bites can even be so deep that they damage a victim's nerves, tendons and . Brandon P. Donnelly, MD is not liable or responsible for any advice, course of treatment, diagnosis or any other information, services or product you obtain through this site. We recommend that any symptomatic cat bites to the upper limb, especially hand and wrist, must be treated promptly, essentially within 48 hours of injury, particularly in immunocompromised population. [Polymicrobial osteomyelitis on the limb of the hand after a cat bite]. Two thirds of those hospitalized during the study required surgery to flush out the infection in the wounds and middle-aged women were the most common bite victims. This is the American ICD-10-CM version of S61.451A - other international versions of ICD-10 S61.451A may differ. If you have a hand injury and would like to have it evaluated by our areas leading hand specialist, contact us today to schedule an appointment. What is the potential risk associated with cat bites? Active range of motion deficits are present at the wrist and thumb due to pain and swelling. eCollection 2022 Jan-Mar. Cat bites carry other risks besides infections. . Published in February in the Journal of Hand Surgery the study looked at 193 patients who received treatment for a cat bite on the hand from January 2009 through 2011. Cats carry many bacteria in their mouths capable of causing infections in bite wounds. The wrist or any joint in the fingers are usually the worst places to be wounded and thats just where most people get bitten by cats. Preoperative Antibiotics Influence Culture Yield in the Treatment of Hand, Wrist, and Forearm Infections. Dr. Brandon P. Donnelly is a native of Slidell, LA. The study, published in the February issue of the Journal of Hand Surgery, also revealed that eight patients needed more than one surgical procedure, and some needed reconstructive surgery. . The average time people waited between getting bitten and seeking treatment was 27 hours. Be sure to stay calm if you are bitten by a cat. Dog or cat bites to the hands are the most severe injuries, often requiring surgical intervention and hospitalization.1 Infectious complications occur in approximately 50% of cat bites. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. in New Orleans, where he was awarded the Orthopedic Surgery award. Time from bite to presentation, white blood cell count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and C-reactive protein values at presentation were not associated with hospitalization. Capillary refill to the upper extremities measured fewer than three seconds. The site is secure. The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). o [ pediatric abdominal pain ] Cureus. The average of the participants was 49 years old, and 69 percent were women. Conclusions: Cat bite injuries to the hand can progress to serious infection. QUESTIONS. "The infection from the cat bite reached my tendon," Bothun said. Therapeutic III. The main symptoms were limited and there was painful mobilisation of fingers and wrist, and swelling and redness in the area of the bite wound. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), there are only 1 to 3 cases in the United States each year. POA Help "Present On Admission" is defined as present at the time the order for inpatient admission occurs conditions that develop during an outpatient encounter, including emergency department, observation, or outpatient surgery, are considered POA. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal There was full range of motion in the right wrist and all other digits of the right hand. Hydrocodone (Vicodin) and naprosyn (Naproxen) were also prescribed for pain and inflammation. Misunderstanding this risk has led to a worrying number of hospitalizations, as patients require surgery to clean wounds or remove tissue thats become infected. Debra Sullivan, Ph.D., MSN, R.N., CNE, COI, a bump or blister where the bite wound is located, inability to use your hand (if your hands been bitten), you start having any serious symptoms of an infection, such as fever, chills, pus or fluid oozing from the wound, or swollen lymph nodes, the cat thats bitten you appears aggressive or acts strangely, the cat thats bitten you is unvaccinated against rabies or youre unsure if the cat is vaccinated against rabies. Prescribing an antibiotic prophylactically has shown to reduce the rate of infection from cat bites. Keywords: In areas where MRSA is prevalent, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, clindamycin, doxycycline, or linezolid should be used instead of a cephalosporin. "They can be very serious. Unlike other animal bites, which can tear flesh and even break bones, these deeper wounds are much harder to clean. I still have a small bump from a cat that bit my hand around twenty-five years ago. Musculoskeletal and Connective Tissue Disorders, Amoxil, Dispermox, Moxatag, Moxilin , Sumox, Trimox, Biocef, Daxbia , Keflex, Keftab, Panixine, Cleocin, Cleocin Ovules, Cleocin Pediatric, Cleocin T, CLIN, Clindacin ETZ, Clindacin-P, Clinda-Derm , Clindagel, ClindaMax, ClindaReach, Clindesse, Clindets, Evoclin, PledgaClin, XACIATO, Acticlate, Adoxa, Adoxa Pak, Avidoxy, Doryx, Doxal, Doxy 100, LYMEPAK, Mondoxyne NL, Monodox, Morgidox 1x, Morgidox 2x , Okebo, Oracea, Oraxyl, Periostat, TARGADOX, Vibramycin, Vibra-Tabs. Bites that appear at first to be minor can ultimately end up requiring serious medical attention, with outcomes far worse than an apparently more damaging dog bite. and Patients with clenched fist injuries tend to wait hours or days after the wound occurs before seeking medical attention, which increases the severity of the infection. There is no such thing as a simple cat bite, yet most patients are unaware of the potential for harm, and they delay or fail to seek immediate evaluation and treatment. Dog and cat bites. MeSH Briefly, infected bites will often appear red and swollen. Epub 2022 Jul 20. NCI CPTC Antibody Characterization Program. For 14 percent of these patients, outpatient treatment with antibiotics didn't work and they needed to be hospitalized. cat bites Pasteurella (most common, 70-80% of cat bite infections) Pasteurella multocida and Pasteurella septica causes intense pain, swelling in 48h other organisms similar to dog bites Associated conditions secondary bacterial infection most bites do not become infected risk factors for infection bite to hand, foot, or major joint Mr. Hs right-hand wounds were cleansed with antibacterial soap, betadine wash, and sterile water rinse. Copyright 2014 American Society for Surgery of the Hand. Mr. H was unable to perform full flexion of the second digit. Regardless of how a cat bite happens, it is not something to take lightly. Its recommended that you have a tetanus booster after a cat bite if its been more than 5 years since youve had the vaccine. A small puncture wound, particularly from a human or cat bite, may involve significant injury to the tendon, joint capsule, or articular cartilage. Our website services, content, and products are for informational purposes only. Apparently, cats have a bacteria in their saliva that aids in their digestion, which can be lethal if it gets into a human being's blood stream. more serious symptoms of an infection, such as fever or muscle weakness. A continued decrease in range of motion of the second digit was demonstrated at the two-week follow-up, but the pain was significantly improved. Cat bites to the hand are so dangerous, 1 in 3 patients with such wounds had to be hospitalized, a Mayo Clinic study covering three years showed. Most domestic cats are already vaccinated against rabies. Additionally, cats' mouths carry a large number of bacteria which can cause serious infections in bite wounds. Common symptoms are localized bone pain and tenderness with constitutional symptoms (in acute read more . Its not something you want to take any chances with. cat bite wrist tendonjameel disu biography. From furniture, scratching posts, beds and toys to food dishes and litter boxes, youll find everything you need for your feline family members.View the Product Guide. Go to doctor or ER: Cat bites to the hand and wrist have a high incidence of infection. Treatment can be nonoperative or operative depending on the zone of injury. Please note that by doing so you agree to be added to our monthly email newsletter distribution list. Cats, like many other mammals, can carry rabies. Sbai MA, et al. The list above outlines the symptoms of an infected bite. - The management of bite wounds in children--A retrospective analysis at a level I trauma centre . Use for phrases Protected from the immune system, a cat bite infection can rapidly spread. Tendon and tissue damage. The bacteria injected by a cat bite can include a strain common in animals and particularly hard to fight with antibiotics, he says. Which means there are very few white blood cells to fight the bacteria, and they have an easy time infecting your tendon cells. You may need to begin rabies treatment if the cat thats bitten you shows any rabies symptoms. . Can Vitamin E protect against heart disease. All rights reserved. The information in this post is not a substitute for medical care. Before Psoriatic arthritis. Not all cat bites lead to infection, but enough do to warrant caution. Published by: Ingrid King. Use OR to account for alternate terms You should be especially careful if the wound is around your wrist area. Nearly 40% of cat bites may lead to an infection according to one estimate, which supports the extra attention medical professionals often pay to cat bites. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help Dawn Bothun, of Minnesota said a bite on her hand turned into an eight-week hospital ordeal and $150,000 in medical bills. Dr. Brandon P. Donnelly | Board Certified Orthopedic Surgeon. There was limited range of motion to the second digit on the right hand (partial flexion). Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. Methods: "Every time they would stitch me up after flushing the wound, the infection would just get worse. Relatively few bites occur on the leg (9%) suggesting that walking away from a frightened cat may be a good strategy. A doctor will decide if the wound needs stitches or surgery to heal properly. If the bite or scratch hasn't penetrated the skin, the chance of infection is minimal. The skin was warm and dry to touch. Early treatment reduces the severity of many animal bites. Last medically reviewed on March 22, 2021. Emergency Medicine 46 years experience. Am Fam Physician. 8600 Rockville Pike Of those admitted to the hospital, 38 patients needed surgery to clean the wound or remove infected tissue. Review: The Cat in the Window And Other Stories of the Cats We Love. Weve summarized the best studies we could find below to cover everything you wanted to know, or perhaps didnt want to know, about cat bites. Nearly 40% of cat bites may lead to an infection according to one estimate, which supports the extra attention medical professionals often pay to cat bites. This data suggests that a lot of cat bites come when petting or interacting with cats. Domestic cat bites are common and are often treated by simple wound care with good outcome. However, delayed presentation may lead to significant morbidity or even mortality. Please login or register first to view this content. Here are some of the potential infectious diseases that can happen after a cat bite: Pasteurella multocida is a type of bacteria frequently found in the mouths of cats that can cause infections after a bite or scratch. 2 deep puncture wounds along the pinky by the wrist, 1 in the middle above the wrist & another with a tear by the wrist along the thumb. . In more extreme cases, redirected aggression can cause a cat to lash out at her guardian and cause severe damage. Positive tactile response to the digits of the right hand was achieved. Dr. Kaul is the MSN and DNP Program Director and an associate professor at Concordia University Wisconsin in Mequon. If the cat who bit you was not current on his rabies vaccination or was a stray with unknown vaccination status, you may need to undergo prophylactic treatment for rabies. Unlike other animal bites, which can tear flesh and even break bones, these deeper wounds are much harder to clean. Accessibility Tendons and ligaments in the hand are especially delicate. The second digit of the right hand was mildly edematous with five nondraining puncture wounds noted: two puncture wounds located between the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) and metacarpophalangeal joint of the second digit and three on the palmar aspect of the right hand.