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They were nicknamed Fulminata by Julius Caesar himself. During the latest part of Augustus' principality, XII Fulminata served in Syria, camping at Raphana. VesuviusAugust 24, 79 AD. In the morning the judge ordered both those that were dead with the cold, and those that were still alive, to be laid on carriages and cast into a fire.Their bodies were burned and their ashes thrown into the river; but the Christians secretly carried off or purchased part of them with money., The deaths of The Forty Martyrs have attracted veneration andartistic representation from the time of their martyrdoms until the present day. All rights reserved. The governor of Syria, Publius Quinctilius Varus, used three of the Syrian legions to suppress the rebellions of the Jewish messianic claimants Judas, Simon, and Athronges after the death of king Herod in 4 BCE. Scott is based on the legion during the Jewish rebellion. Raphana. The Roman garrison did not intervene, leading to the triggering of popular protests against Roman taxation. Slaves Were Lifeless Tools in the Ancient World, Meaning of Names, Places & Things in the Bible, Gardens and the 2nd Law of Thermodynamics, The Roman Phalanx & Hannibals Pincer Movement. The years when martyred heroes adorned the underground walls of the catacombs in Rome subsided in the late 300s, but in Syracuse, Sicily under the 4th century Church of St. John are hollowed out and hallowed catacombs where the Forty Martyrs grace the walls with their naked faith. The defeat caused the partial collapse of the Empire, with the secessionistic More posts you may like r/history All canvas prints are professionally printed, assembled, and shipped within 3 - 4 business days and delivered ready-to-hang on your wall. An inscription presumably from this period has been found in modern-day After the murder of the emperor Publius Helvius Pertinax in 193, civil war broke out. J.-C.), Church History of Eusebius, Book V, chap V, https://en.wikipedia.org/?title=Legio_XII_Fulminata&oldid=1025018764, Military units and formations established in the 1st century BC, Articles incorporating a citation from the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia with Wikisource reference, Gaius Caristanius Fronto Casesianus Julius. In 256, the Persian leader Shapur captured Satala (the fortress of XV Apollinaris), and two years later he sacked Trapezus. Parthian Empire. Legio XII Fulminata ("Thunderbolt Twelfth Legion"), also known as Paterna, Victrix, Antiqua, Certa Constans, and Galliena, was a legion of the Imperial Roman army. Iraq, King Fearing the worst, the pro-Roman king Agrippa II and his sister Berenice fled Jerusalem to the Galilee. [10]. The World History Encyclopedia logo is a registered trademark. The Twelfth legion, as it is perhaps better known, fought in the Battle against the Nervians, and probably also in the Siege of Alesia. Legio duodecima Fulminata ( Twelfth Legion, armed with lightning ), also known as Paterna, Victrix, Antiqua, Certa Constans, and Galliena, was a Roman legion, levied by Julius Caesar in 58 BC and which accompanied him during the Gallic wars until 49 BC. World History Encyclopedia. The Twelfth fought at the Battle of Pharsalus (48 BC), when Caesar defeated Pompey. , , 1992; page 31, The episode reported by Cassius Dio refers of the presence of an Egyptian mage, Harnuphis, who evoked Mercury, obtaining the rain shower. All posters are professionally printed, packaged, and shipped within 3 - 4 business days. The remainder of the legion served on the march on Jerusalem. This war culminated in the latter's defeat in the battle of Philippi (42). Euphrates River crossing near Sign up for our free weekly email newsletter! This was not a very honorable position, and may have been a punishment for its behavior during the civil war. Palmyrene Empire in the East. Most of the legion's soldiers are either demigods, or descended from demigods, and most of New Rome's civillian population consists of ex-legionnaires and their children. He died shortly afterwards. The Eagle of the 12th Legion is the eagle standard that was given to the Twelfth Legion, supposedly from Jupiter himself, and is the symbol of Camp Jupiter. The legion's emblem was a 110 S Mount Olive St. Siloam . This suggests that this Twelfth Legion was created by the emperor . Jerusalem, the XII Fulminata, with In 134, the Alans, a tribe from the steppes of Kazakhstan, threatened the Roman empire. In 20 BCE, Augustus ' stepson (and later successor) employed these units to impress the Parthians. Legio XII Victrix: one of the legions of the later Roman empire. ( Legio fulminata, or fulminea, not fulminatrix ). The eleventh and twelfth legions were recruited by the Roman general Julius Caesar for the campaign against the Helvetians in 58 BCE. Standard of the 12th Legion Fulminata - Vexillum of Thunderbolt Twelfth Legion Art Print by Serge Averbukh. . It is known that the XII Fulminata was under the command of Odaenathus, ruler of the Palmyrene Empire, but also that Emperor Gallienus awarded the legion with the cognomen Galliena. They were of different countries, but enrolled in the same troop.were of the Thundering Legion, so famous under Marcus Aurelius for the miraculous rain and victory obtained by their prayers.on orders of the emperor Licinius for all to sacrifice (to the emperor), these forty went bold up to (their commander Lysias) and said they were Christians and that no torments should make them ever abandon their holy religion.The governor, finding them all resolute, caused them to be torn with whips and their sides to be rent with iron hooks.the governor, highly offended at their courage and that liberty of speech with which they accosted him, devised an extraordinary kind of death, which, being slow and severe, he hoped would shake their constancy. Parthian Empire in present-day The Palmyrene Empire was reconquered by Aurelian; Emperor Diocletian defeated the Sassanids and moved the frontier to Northern Mesopotamia. Manage all your favorite fandoms in one place! Diocletian defeated the Sassanids and moved the frontier to Northern Choose from multiple sizes and hundreds of frame and mat options. Historian Dando-Collins credits its foundation to Julius Caesar in 54 BCE and his Gallic Wars. However, after a defeat where the legion lost its aquila, Gaius Cestius Gallus, legate of Syria, ordered the survivors to return to Syria. Slaves Were Lifeless Tools in Ancient Rome, The Exotic Animal Business in Ancient Rome. Standard of the 12th Legion Fulminata - Vexillum of Thunderbolt Twelfth Legion Greeting Card for Sale by Serge Averbukh. However, after Caesar had been murdered, the veterans were reenlisted by his adjutant Lepidus (44), who handed the legion over to Mark Antony. T/F. Reddit and its partners use cookies and similar technologies to provide you with a better experience. It is odd that the name XII Victrix had already been used, three centuries earlier, by the legion that is better known as XII Fulminata. The province of Cappadocia was located in east-central Anatolia and was vital for its proximity to both the Black Sea and the Caucasus Mountains. Under Diocletian (284-305), the Romans again invaded Mesopotamia and in 298, a peace treaty was concluded in which the Persians had to give up territories in northern Mesopotamia. battle of Rhandeia; after surrendering, the legions were shamed and removed from this theater of war. Its old base at Raphanaea was reused by III Gallica. We care about our planet! XII Fulminata was used to occupy Egypt, probably at Babylon (Cairo), but it soon returned to Syria, where it is known to have garrisoned Raphanae in 14 CE. In 175, the legion was in Melitene, when Avidius Cassius revolted; the Twelfth, having been loyal to the Emperor, obtained the cognomen Certa Constans, "surely constant". Riordan Wiki is a FANDOM Books Community. (To Imp(erator) Domitianus Caesar Aug(ustus) Germanicus, (by) Lucius Julius Maximus, Centurion of Leg(ion) XII Ful(minata).)[4][5]. Since legions of the Roman army during the time of Caesar were known by a number, not a name, there were often more legions with the same number; both Octavian and Mark Antony had a 12th legion. The Roman historian Suetonius (c. 69 to c. 130/140 CE) agrees with the date of Tiberius' annexation. Artaxata. Bibliography There were only 8 people in Noahs Ark. Parthians, restoring Pertinax, 193, XII Fulminata supported the governor of New Rome and the legion collectively makeup Camp Jupiter, the last vestige of the Roman Empire. In The Roman defeats of Gordian and Valerian, and the installation of Philip, are commemorated on several Sasanian monuments. Donald has taught Ancient, Medieval and U.S. History at Lincoln College (Normal, Illinois)and has always been and will always be a student of history, ever since learning about Alexander the Great. Like other legions, the origin of XV Apollinaris (emblem: griffin; birth sign: Capricorn) is a mystery. [8] At this time, most of the Twelfth was composed chiefly of Christians. In 62 AD, the XII Fulminata joined the IV Scythica, now commanded by the new Legate of Cappadocia, Lucius Caesennius Paetus. While campaigning deep in enemy territory, the Twelfth Legion, "Fulminata" ("Thundering"), found itself under attack by a large Quadi force. Lucius Caesennius Paetus. They had been blessed by Jupiter himself, given the eagle standard as a sign of his respect. Roman Education: Learning Through the Ages, Britannia: Roman Expansion through the Ages, Always There For You: Traveling Through the Ages, Classical Science and Medicine in Modern Film, http://www.historylink102.com/Rome/roman-army, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legio_XII_Fulminata, http://dansbullets.com/lightning-does-the, http://skepticism.org/timeline/august-history/7689-mark-antony, http://blogs.artinfo.com/secrethistoryofart/2012/07/27/what-really-killed-julius, http://www.behance.net/gallery/Legio-XII-Fulminata/3922803. On his way back, he was defeated by one of the leaders of the Jewish Zealots, Eleazar son of Simon. This seems to have happened in 172. In those years, the Roman position in the east was precarious. Armenians at the Watchthe video below. After his failed assault on Hatra, Severus left the two legions to garrison Mesopotamia. The American Legion Auxiliary was founded in 1919 by female relatives of American war veterans to support veterans and their interests. However, during the next two years, Trajan tried to seize Mesopotamia and Babylonia, which was impossible to keep. After Caesar won the civil war, the legion was named Victrix, and enlisted in 43 BC by Lepidus and Mark Anthony. Mesopotamia was annexed by Emperor Septimius Severus (r. 193-211 CE) who left two legions in garrison there: I Parthica in Singara and III Parthica at Rhesaina along the Khabur River. Under the wall of the town stood a pond that was frozen so hard that it would bear walking upon with safety. It was originally levied by Julius Caesar in 58 BC, and the legion accompanied him during the Gallic Wars until 49 BC. Withdrawing towards the coast from Jerusalem, the Romans were closely pursued by rebel scouts. In 260 CE, King Shapur I (r. 240-270 CE) of the Sassanian Empire (224-651 CE) invaded the province, defeating and capturing the emperor Valerian (r. 253-260 CE) near Edessa. Both legions were defeated by the Parthians and Armenians at the battle of Rhandeia; after surrendering, the legions were shamed and removed from this theater of war. Related Content [6], Media related to Battle of Beth Horon (66) at Wikimedia Commons, Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}315309N 350651E / 31.8858N 35.1142E / 31.8858; 35.1142. The meaning in Hebrew of the word day always means a 24 hour period of time. Not only do we pay for our servers, but also for related services such as our content delivery network, Google Workspace, email, and much more. Emperor Marcus Aurelius commanded the XII Fulminata in his campaign against the Quadi, a people inhabiting an area in modern-day Slovakia, and an episode of a miraculous rain and lightning saving a Twelfth subunit from defeat is reported by the sources. Olympus to Manhattan. Octavian's legion was with him in Egypt and was part of his standing army many consider his legion to have been reconstituted from Caesar's old 12th legion. Other legions in the eastern region were III Gallica, VI Ferrata, and X Fretensis. Mark Anthony led the Twelfth, renamed XII Antiqua during his campaign against the This led Bar Giora to raise his own army in southern Judaea. Obviously I don't believe the story that the author told about the lightning gun thing but then whats the real reason they were called so? In 92, the emperor Domitian sent out the twelfth legion to support the allied kingdoms of Iberia and Albania (in the western and eastern Caucasus). . Battle of Beth Horon. In the Forum in Rome is a small building called the Oratory of the Forty Martyrs. World History Encyclopedia is a non-profit organization. [6][7] Facts that strengthen this hypothesis include: a military-topographical map of the Caucasus published in 1903 by Russian administrators, which refers to the town as "Romana"; various Roman artifacts found in Absheron region; and records that old(er) inhabitants referred to their town as Romani. Zealot XII Fulminata was used to occupy Egypt, probably at Babylon (Cairo), but it soon returned to Syria, where it is known to have garrisoned Raphanae in 14 CE. aquila, Our puzzles are made from premium paper stock and include a semi-gloss coating on the top surface to make the image pop. A.S. Hall, "The XII Fulminata: Countermarks, Emblems, and Movements under Trajan or Hadrian", in: S. Mitchell (ed. The Twelfth fought at the Battle of Pharsalus (48 BC), when Caesar defeated Pompey. [1] In later centuries it came to be called commonly, but incorrectly, the Legio Fulminatrix, the Thundering Legion. Cappadocia, Domitianus Caesar Aug(ustus) Germanicus, (by) Lucius Julius Maximus, Centurion of Leg(ion) XII Ful(minata).) The small exquisite painting is signed by an unknown painter named Nikitarea. The unit was still guarding the Mikhail Bulgakov's book It was originally levied by Julius Caesar in 58 BC, and the legion accompanied him during the Gallic Wars until 49 BC. [4] At this time, most of the Twelfth was composed chiefly of Christians. [2] On its way back, XII Fulminata was ambushed and defeated by Eleazar ben Simon in the Battle of Beth Horon. The Battle of Beth Horon was a military engagement fought in 66 CE between the Roman army and Jewish rebels in the early phase of the First JewishRoman War. The Sassanid Empire was a major threat to the Roman power in the East. Gallic Empire in the West and Home Articles Legions Legio XII Victrix, About Pictures Sources Countries Languages Categories Tags Thanks FAQ Donate Contact Articles Stubs. . Please note that some of these recommendations are listed under our old name, Ancient History Encyclopedia. Funerary Monument of M. Annius LucusAncientDigitalMaps (CC BY-NC). Forty naked, pale, shivering, stoic young men crowded together are painted on a wooden icon from the 4th century in the Musee des Beaux Arts in Paris. When the Eastern frontier of the Empire was moved from the Euphrates to the Tigris, the Twelfth stayed in the reserve, possibly as a punishment for its support of Severus' rival. In 66, after a Zealot revolt had destroyed the Roman garrison in Jerusalem, the XII Fulminata, with vexillationes of IV Scythica and VI Ferrata, were sent to restore Roman authority. Tacitus wrote of the mutiny: Their only relief from misery was to quit an ill-omened and polluted camp and to betake themselves again every one to his winter-quarters. Rick Riordan's book Some Rights Reserved (2009-2023) under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license unless otherwise noted. Choose from multiple print sizes and hundreds of frame and mat options. I'll admit it, I was reading one of the Percy Jackson books when I came across the 12th Legion Fulminata. thunderbolt (on a shield In later centuries it came to be called commonly, but incorrectly, the Legio Fulminatrix, the Thundering Legion. Mark Anthony led the Twelfth, renamed XII Antiqua during his campaign against the Parthian Empire. ; birth sign: Capricorn?) Tigris, the Twelfth stayed in the reserve, possibly as a punishment for its support of Severus' rival. Could Ancient Sparta Defeat Ancient Rome? Siege of Alesia. Battle between Judean rebels and the Syrian Legion of the Roman Empire, This article is about the battle between Judean rebels and the Syrian Legion of the Roman Empire. Last modified April 19, 2022. T/F, 3. The cold in Armenia is very sharp, especially in March and toward the end of winter.there was also at that time a severe frost. The legion was involved in the annexation of Arabia where it is believed many of its legionaries were recruited only to be returned to Egypt temporarily. In 135 CE, at the end of the Second Jewish Revolt, warriors from the Alans and Sarmatians seized the opportunity and went on the march. Valerian moved against Shapur, but was defeated and captured. When its general Vespasian proclaimed itself emperor, it sided with him. Including troops furnished by allies, some 36,000 troops were assembled. Its name means "the lightning legion". However, XII Fulminata fought well in the last part of the war, and supported its commander Perhaps, the legion was created by the by the emperors of the Gallic Empire (260-274). XII Fulminata sided with Pescennius Niger, the governor who Syria who proclaimed himself emperor. In Caesar's book D Bell Gallic("On the Gallic War") he writes:e mntin quam fcerat T. Labinum lgtum praefcit; ipse in Italiam magns itineribus contendit dusque ibi legins cnscrbit et trs[] ex hbernsdxit, roughly translated as "[Caesar] put Titus Labienus in charge of the defenses that he had made; he himself hurried on agreat journey to Italy, and there he created two legions and led three out of their winter-camps". He used the twelfth legion in the fight against Helvetii in the Gallican Wars, as well as the invasion of Italy and the Battle of Pharsalus. Valerian Defeated by Shapur IPierre Mertens (CC BY-NC-ND). Legio XII was one of two that he created in Italy to assist in his war against the Helvetii. Arrian, who defeated the invaders with the aid of XII Fulminata and From his eastern Parthian Empire in present-day Iran and Iraq, King Vologeses I in 58 AD invaded Armenia, a client kingdom of Rome. Solid colors: 100% Cotton; Heather Grey: 90% Cotton, 10% Polyester; All Other Heathers: 50% Cotton, 50% Polyester. Choose from multiple sizes and hundreds of frame and mat options. This was a fatal mistake: in 194, Niger was defeated by Lucius Septimius Severus at Cyzicus, the Cilician gate and Issus. Christian missionaries have taught people in Papua, New Guinea who had many gods before their conversion to recite the Hebrew Shema announcing only ONE GOD. After the death of Emperor Pertinax, 193, XII Fulminata supported the governor of Syria, Pescennius Niger, who was in the end defeated by Emperor Septimius Severus. Physical Description. Mark Anthony led the Twelfth, renamed XII Antiqua during his campaign against the Parthian Empire. Lucius Verus, in 162166, if a mixed unit of XII and XV controlled for some time the newly conquered In the final phase of the war between the Jews and Romans, XII Fulminata regained its reputation for fighting bravely. Ideally, such a show of force would have allowed the Romans to regain the initiative and prevent the rebellion from developing and growing stronger. List of battleships of the United States Navy. Listed on 14 Dec, 2022 Emperor Nero ordered Gnaeus Domitius Corbulo, the new legatus of Cappadocia, to manage the matter, and Corbulo brought the IV Scythica from Moesia, and with III Gallica and VI Ferrata defeated the Parthians, restoring Tigranes VI to the Armenian throne. English. After these episodes, the records of the Fulminata are scarce. The legion's eagle had been found by the Twelfth Legion and subsequently lost again in Alaska during the 1980s. In 66, after a Zealot revolt had destroyed the Roman garrison in Jerusalem, the XII Fulminata, with vexillationes of IV Scythica and VI Ferrata, was sent to retaliate, but it was sent back by Gaius Cestius Gallus, legatus of Syria, when he saw that the legion was weak. Like XVI Flavia Firma, XII Fulminata, which had been a frontier guard for more than a century, became now the strategic reserve behind the frontier line. The Legion served with Antony in the East and is thought to have been sent to Egypt by Augustus; however, by the end of his reign the Legion was in Syria. (Go here for the complete story, as told by Cassius Dio.). In 62, IV Scythica and XII Fulminata, commanded by the new legate of Cappadocia, Lucius Caesennius Paetus, were defeated by the Parthians and Armenians at the battle of Rhandeia and forced to surrender. Roman Empire during existence of the Twelfth Legion. Odaenathus, ruler of the Palmyrene Empire, but also that Emperor In Rick Riordan's book, The Son of Neptune, the Twelfth Legion went to America after the fall of Rome following the Roman gods as they move Mt. Sassanid Empire was a major threat to the Roman power in the East. In 114 CE, Roman emperor Trajan (r. 98-117 CE) successfully invaded Armenia and Upper Mesopotamia, capturing the capital city of Ctesiphon and annexing both territories. At the end of the war, XII Fulminata and XVI Flavia Firma were sent to guard the Euphrates border, camping at Melitene. We know that it was called Victrix ("winner") after the civil war, which is a bit confusing because later, there was another legion called XII Victrix. The shock of the defeat convinced the Romans of the need to fully commit to crushing the rebellion regardless of the effort it would require. By the reign of Emperor Claudius (r. 41-54 CE), the 12th was based in Syria. In 134, the threat of the Alans was subdued by the governor of Cappadocia, Arrian, who defeated the invaders with the aid of XII Fulminata and XV Apollinaris. Legate of There are those who question the exact date of annexation. Standard of the 12th Legion Fulminata - Vexillum of Thunderbolt Twelfth Legion Puzzle by Serge Averbukh. This page was created in 2002; last modified on 16 April 2020. Dando-Collins claims it was annexed by Vespasian (r. 69-79 CE) in 71 CE, not by Tiberius. The unit was still guarding the Euphrates River crossing near Melitene at the beginning of the 5th century. His successor Hadrian gave up all territories east of the Euphrates (117/118). [4] In 75 AD, the XII Fulminata was in the Caucasus, where Emperor Vespasian had sent the legion to support the allied kingdoms of Iberia and Albania. The new province comprised what is today Jordan and southern Syria and included the cities of Bostra (the capital), Gerasa, and Petra. According to his coins, Antony called the legion Antiqua, which means "old" in the sense of "of proven quality". They returned the eagle standards they had obtained at Carrhae in 53 BCE. The meaning in Hebrew of the word day always means a 24 hour period of time. Legion in recognition of outstanding activities or contributions within the area of interest of the recommending National Commission or Committee; and, be it further . The Twelfth (supported by subunits from IIII Scythica and VI Ferrata) came, saw, and returned, when its commander saw that his force was not strong enough. Standard of the 12th Legion Fulminata - Vexillum of Thunderbolt Twelfth Legion Framed Print by Serge Averbukh. Marcus Aurelius commanded the XII Fulminata in his King Shapur II conquered the base of the XV Apollinaris, Satala (256), and sacked Trapezus (258). However, Simon bar Giora was evicted from Jerusalem due to fears by rebel government leaders of his dominance. Polyeuctes is a martyr under Valerian who was a soldier of the Twelfth. LEGIO XII FULMINATA "Thunderbolt Armed" most likely had its origins in the 12th Legion founded by Julius Caesar in 58 BC and was reconstituted in 44-43 BC. Little is known about the activities of I Parthica and III Parthica due to the lack of available literary evidence. The 3rd was with Corbulo in 63 CE, and during the First Jewish War, it was involved in the siege of Jerusalem under the command of Titus. We would much rather spend this money on producing more free history content for the world. In October 66, the governor of Judaea, Gessius Florus, needed military support to regain control of Jerusalem. The Twelfth probably fought in the Parthian campaign of Emperor Lucius Verus, in 162166, if a mixed unit of XII and XV controlled for some time the newly conquered Armenian capital Artaxata. T/F, 5. Marys Perpetual Virginity & Jesus Brothers, Why Pollen on the Shroud of Turin Proves it is Real, Christian Inscriptions in Roman Catacombs, Eruption Of Mt. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. For the battle between Hasmoneans and Hellenic Seleucid Empire, see, Learn how and when to remove this template message, "The Wars of the Jews by Flavius Josephus", "The Eagle of the Twelfth (Rome, book 3) by M C Scott", Wars of the fall of the Western Roman Empire, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Beth_Horon_(66)&oldid=1139878626, Articles needing additional references from August 2012, All articles needing additional references, Articles lacking reliable references from April 2012, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 17 February 2023, at 09:29. There is some evidence it was with Gallienus and his campaign against the Alemanni in 258 CE. Manage all your favorite fandoms in one place! Battle leaders Eleazar ben Simon, Joshua ben Zafia and Niger the Perean were appointed regional governors across Judaea's territories. Legio XII Fulminata Thunderbolt Emblem Roman Legion Tank Top. [8] At this time, most of the Twelfth was composed chiefly of Christians. The copyright holder has published this content under the following license: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike. After the capture of Jerusalem in 70 (more), it was transferred to the newly annexed kingdom Melitene, which was part of the province Cappadocia. An inscription found near the shores of the Caspian Sea mentions the presence of a centurio of XII Fulminata named Lucius Julius Maximus. After these episodes, the records of the Fulminata are scarce. Legio XII Fulminata , also known as Paterna, Victrix, Antiqua, Certa Constans, and Galliena, was a legion of the Imperial Roman army. The Master and Margarita, was under the command of Lucius Pinarius Scarpus, an ally of Mark Antony. Later, the legion served Syria. Gallienus awarded the legion with the cognomen Galliena. Legio XII Fulminata ("Thunderbolt Twelfth Legion"), also known as Paterna, Victrix, Antiqua, Certa Constans, and Galliena, was a legion of the Imperial Roman army.