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Because she has the most content, events, decisions, etc. Germany's large industries provided significant social welfare programmes and good care to their employees, as long as they were not identified as socialists or trade-union members. With the encouragement or at least the acquiescence of Britain, which at this stage saw Germany as a counterweight to her old rival France, Germany acquired German Southwest Africa (modern Namibia), German Kamerun (modern Cameroon), Togoland (modern Togo) and German East Africa (modern Rwanda, Burundi, and the mainland part of current Tanzania). As the French lacked the strength to defeat Germany by themselves, they sought an alliance with Russia, which would trap Germany between the two in a war (as would ultimately happen in 1914). After 1850, the states of Germany had rapidly become industrialized, with particular strengths in coal, iron (and later steel), chemicals, and railways. It also retained strong diplomatic ties to the Ottoman Empire. In July 1871 Bismarck abolished the Catholic section of the Prussian Ministry of ecclesiastical and educational affairs, depriving Catholics of their voice at the highest level. Antisemitic parties were formed but soon collapsed. [83] It was largely thanks to Wilhelm's influence that most printed material in Germany used blackletter instead of the Roman type used in the rest of Western Europe. [30], The German Confederation had been created by an act of the Congress of Vienna on 8 June 1815 as a result of the Napoleonic Wars, after being alluded to in Article 6 of the 1814 Treaty of Paris.[31]. The non-German Germanic languages (0.5%), like Danish, Dutch and Frisian, were located in the north and northwest of the empire, near the borders with Denmark, the Netherlands, Belgium, and Luxembourg. By retraining the soldiers in new infiltration tactics, the Germans expected to unfreeze the battlefield and win a decisive victory before the army of the United States, which had now entered the war on the side of the Allies, arrived in strength. Lacking a technological base at first, the Germans imported their engineering and hardware from Britain but quickly learned the skills needed to operate and expand the railways. [52], Germany overtook British steel production in 1893 and pig iron production in 1903. Berghahn, Volker Rolf. Coins through one mark were also minted in the name of the empire, while higher-valued pieces were issued by the states. [36], Bismarck created the modern welfare state in Germany in the 1880s and enacted universal male suffrage in 1871. With 17 out of 58 votes in the Bundesrat, Berlin needed only a few votes from the smaller states to exercise effective control. All trademarks are property of their respective owners in the US and other countries. The entry of the U.S. into the war in April 1917 tipped the long-run balance of power even more in favour of the Allies. The end of October 1918, in Kiel, in northern Germany, saw the beginning of the German Revolution of 19181919. Because in this story, German victory destabilizes almost entirety of the world. Germany also leads the Reichspakt, a military bloc which includes a great deal of Europe and other nations, and Mitteleuropa, an economic alliance between many European states. Imperial Germany built up the world's largest chemical industry, the production of German chemical industry was 60% higher than that of the United States. One month later, Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia in retaliation and Germany rallied to her side; soon after, the German Empire declared war against France and Russia. 2. The free cities had a republican form of government on the state level, even though the Empire at large was constituted as a monarchy, and so were most of the states. While the Western Front was a stalemate for the German Army, the Eastern Front eventually proved to be a great success. Bismarck demanded that the German Army be sent in to crush the strike, but Wilhelm II rejected this authoritarian measure, responding "I do not wish to stain my reign with the blood of my subjects. Boasting the largest, albeit dated, battleship fleet in the world, the Kaiserliche Marine is also one of the few navies in the world to possess aircraft carriers. At the core of Wehler's interpretation is his treatment of "the middle class" and "revolution", each of which was instrumental in shaping the 20th century. "The Question of National Interest in Imperial German Foreign Policy: Bismarck, William II, and the Road to World War I.". The Empire's legislative power was vested in two bodies, the upper house was the Bundesrat and the lower one the Reichstag or parliament; legislation had to pass both houses. Prussia was the largest of the constituent states, covering two-thirds of the empire's territory. However, the evolution of weapons over the last century heavily favored defense over offense, especially thanks to the machine gun, so that it took proportionally more offensive force to overcome a defensive position. The German Confederation ended as a result of the Austro-Prussian War of 1866 between the constituent Confederation entities of the Austrian Empire and its allies on one side and Prussia and its allies on the other. As Mittelafrika seized the British Colonial Holdings and the Aufsichtsrat der Ostasiatischen Generalverwaltung established influence in China, the empire's reach and prestige extended still further than before. Following their stunning victory against France, German troops were rapidly deployed to secure the occupation of treaty lands and the Ottoman Empire's southern fronts. During World War I, the Kaiser increasingly devolved his powers to the leaders of the German High Command, particularly future President of Germany, Field Marshal Paul von Hindenburg and Generalquartiermeister Erich Ludendorff. The Empire of Germany had two armed forces: In addition to present-day Germany, large parts of what comprised the German Empire now belong to several other modern European countries. Hello KReddit, i am here to announce that me and Yularen have created this google spreadsheet, where we plan to map out every single Kaiserreich path and the guides on how to get each of them, with the courtesy of Yularen's work on the guides. The policy to include the NLP and the Zentrum, however, dismayed many members of the DVLP. Despite initial setbacks due to the unexpectedly rapid mobilisation of the Russian army, which resulted in a Russian invasion of East Prussia and Austrian Galicia, the badly organised and supplied Russian Army faltered and the German and Austro-Hungarian armies thereafter steadily advanced eastward. [59] The total length of German railroad tracks expanded from 21,000km, (13,000 miles) in 1871 to 63,000km, (39,000 miles) by 1913, establishing the largest rail network in the world after the United States. The German Empire consisted of 25 states, each with its own nobility, four constituent kingdoms, six grand duchies, five duchies (six before 1876), seven principalities, three free Hanseatic cities, and one imperial territory. German national focus tree. The burgeoning German colonial empire was largely considered an afterthought during the Weltkrieg, with most of the colonial and dependent territories occupied by the Entente throughout the war. [23] By 1913, the German electricity production was higher than the combined electricity production of Britain, France, Italy and Sweden. Begin of the Kaiser's ", Known as "Wilhelm II's own Bismarck". Per the German constitution, the King of Prussia is allowed to call himself "German Emperor" (Deutscher Kaiser); However, he is not authorized to call himself "Emperor of Germany" (Kaiser von Deutschland), as that would deeply anger the other German states, which view themselves as sovereign nations as well as Austria, which is still considered part of the cultural region of Germany. These occurrences were sometimes referred to as "the first genocide of the 20th century" and officially condemned by the United Nations in 1985. I think it just transforms the Empire back to the Ludendorff dictatorship days. [34] The new constitution (Constitution of the German Confederation) and the title Emperor came into effect on 1 January 1871. This was especially true in largely Catholic areas of Westphalia, which changed through Protestant immigration from the eastern provinces. [27] As a colonial state, it sometimes clashed with the interests of other European powers, especially the British Empire. The miracle of the 1920s had winded down by the 1930s and although the economy remained prosperous, the vulnerability that is catalyzed by the lack of regulation in the finance sector threatens to disturb and crack the mighty German economy. With the Treaty of Versailles of 1919 and the Collapse of the British Empire in the mid-1920s, the German Empire was able to expand its hold through much of the world. This unconditional support for Austria-Hungary was called a "blank cheque" by historians, including German Fritz Fischer. Welcome to the official subreddit of Kaiserreich: Legacy of the Weltkrieg, an alternate history mod for Hearts of Iron 2, Darkest Hour: A Hearts of Iron Game and Hearts of Iron 4. [21] Berlin remained its capital, and Otto von Bismarck, Minister President of Prussia, became Chancellor, the head of government. In Europe, Tirpitz did not have similar success; with the Union of Britain and the Socialist Republic of Italy now firmly established as allies of the Commune of France, he failed in preventing a new German-hostile bloc from forming. The dismissal of Robert von Puttkamer, the highly conservative Prussian interior minister, on 8 June was a sign of the expected direction and a blow to Bismarck's administration. Germany quickly lost almost all its colonies. [42] Bismarck's successors did not pursue his foreign policy legacy. The goal of Kaiserredux is to bring together submods and devs that share the same common goal, expanding the content of Kaiserreich with an emphasis on fun and interesting scenarios over realism/grounded lore. Native insurrections in German territories received prominent coverage in other countries, especially in Britain; the established powers had dealt with such uprisings decades earlier, often brutally, and had secured firm control of their colonies by then. The creation of the Empire under Prussian leadership was a victory for the concept of Kleindeutschland (Smaller Germany) over the Grodeutschland concept. "[48], Under Bismarck, Germany was a world innovator in building the welfare state. Technically America has every ideology available since you can choose any of the four breakaways, and Russia is the same since you can choose either the Soviets or the main government. German writers have also been involved in extreme politics: Bertolt Brecht's plays barely avoided censorship due to their celebration of syndicalist values, although this has been diluted somewhat in those plays which he has made with his far more conservative collaborator Oswald Spengler, while Will Vesper's nationalist poems, novels and essays enjoy popularity amongst students and officers. I mean yeah, it does follow reddiquette, post has been reapproved. As the main victor of the Weltkrieg, Germany controls a vast overseas empire with colonial holdings in Africa, Asia, and the Pacific. The security of the colonies, save for strategic garrisons in Morocco, Singapore, the Pacific islands, and West Africa, are entrusted to private militias raised and maintained by Mittelafrika and the German East Asian naval administration. Prussia in 1871 included 16,000,000 Protestants, both Reformed and Lutheran, and 8,000,000 Catholics. So, in November 1918, with internal revolution, the Allies advancing toward Germany on the Western Front, Austria-Hungary falling apart from multiple ethnic tensions, its other allies out of the war and pressure from the German high command, the Kaiser and all German ruling kings, dukes, and princes abdicated, and German nobility was abolished. Press question mark to learn the rest of the keyboard shortcuts, Head of the Zhili Clique Anime Girl Battalion, https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1s9nR9qt4IHlRIykkYE0Ow8u36euO6Ems1JET_VfXiUk. Eight western nations, including the United States, mounted a joint relief force to rescue westerners caught up in the rebellion. Kaiserreich Version 0.11.2 (Not Up to Date) So What's This? Conflict over the Baghdad Railway was resolved in June 1914. The rising upper-middle-class elites, in the business, financial and professional worlds, tended to accept the values of the old traditional elites. While Germany officially endorses classical music - especially Wagner, Bach, Brahms, Mozart, Hndel and all German composers, it isn't quite as popular as it once was. The German Empire was proclaimed on January 18, 1871, in the Hall of Mirrors in the Palace of Versailles in the aftermath of the 1871 Franco-Prussian War. von Siebmacher's Wappenbuch 1. There was also a modern system for electing the federal parliament, the Reichstag, in which every adult man had one vote. With his ascent to the throne, many hoped that Frederick's reign would lead to a liberalization of the Reich and an increase of parliament's influence on the political process. Imaginary? Some of the initially existing states, in particular Hanover, were abolished and annexed by Prussia as a result of the war of 1866. [24] Germany also became a great power, it built up the longest railway network of Europe, the world's strongest army,[25] and a fast-growing industrial base. The Nazis built on the illiberal, anti-pluralist elements of Weimar's political culture. I'm not complaining, though. ", Hewitson, Mark. In Africa, German dominion is centered on the deeply decentralized colony of Mittelafrika, which stretches from the Kalahari Desert in the south up to the Sahara in the north, from the vast cocoa plantations on the Ivory Coast in the west to the white beaches of Zanzibar in the east. In 1879, the German Empire consolidated the Dual Alliance with Austria-Hungary, followed by the Triple Alliance with Italy in 1882. While economic and social forces have ensured that women fill many jobs in the major cities, particularly in service industries and clerical work, the conservative Reich establishment has thus far prevented them from having a vote in Reichstag elections (although some of the more progressive states, such as Wrttemberg and Baden, have permitted female voting in Regional Assemblies). "The German Empire: an Empire?". However, in German East Africa, an impressive guerrilla campaign was waged by the colonial army leader there, General Paul Emil von Lettow-Vorbeck. The only minority language with a significant number of speakers (5.4%) was Polish (a figure that rises to over 6% when including the related Kashubian and Masurian languages). Bd., 1. However, the German economy is still burdened by its own share of problems. Amazing, intressting that the Countries with all ideologies available are Poland, Netherlands, Cuba, Centroamerica and Bulgaria. On June 6th, 1930, Reichskanzler von Tirpitz died suddenly during a visit to Hamburg. In the 1880s he introduced old-age pensions, accident insurance, medical care and unemployment insurance that formed the basis of the modern European welfare state. This period was marked by various factors influencing the Emperor's decisions, which were often perceived as contradictory or unpredictable by the public. These policies often had the reverse effect of stimulating resistance, usually in the form of homeschooling and tighter unity in the minority groups, especially the Poles. [42] It was also marked by the need to balance circumspect defensiveness and the desire to be free from the constraints of its position as a major European power. Germany's only other ally besides Austria was the Kingdom of Italy, but it remained an ally only pro forma. By 1911, Wilhelm had completely picked apart the careful power balance established by Bismarck and Britain turned to France in the Entente Cordiale. Besides universal suffrage, it permitted the development of political parties. - During the 1937 Ausgleich(happen in early/mid 1937), just be nice to Hungary/favour them over your other puppets - You've now unlocked the "Status quo" path - During the 1937 Ausgleich(happen in early/mid 1937); - Invite as many ethnicities as you can - Do everything that either makes Hungary angry or prioritizes your other puppets over them - Hungary will get quite mad over this, and will . The causes included the transfer of many farmers and food workers into the military, combined with the overburdened railway system, shortages of coal, and the British blockade. Aside from the very unofficial Septemberprogramm, the Germans never stated a clear list of goals that they wanted out of the war.[101]. Germanys top author at the moment is Erich Paul Remark, whose anti-war book 'Durchbruch' (1929), followed by 'Der Weg vorwrts' (1931) have become immensely popular despite opposition from the General Staff and militarists. [65], Nearly all German bishops, clergy, and laymen rejected the legality of the new laws, and were defiant in the face of heavier and heavier penalties and imprisonments imposed by Bismarck's government. The mod has been discontinued as I lack the time nor motivation to keep it updated any longer. Berlin was deeply suspicious of a supposed conspiracy of its enemies: that year-by-year in the early 20th century it was systematically encircled by enemies. After achieving formal unification in 1871, Bismarck devoted much of his attention to the cause of national unity. The reform was surprisingly supported by the Zentrum and passed by chancellor von Hindenburg, despite heavy opposition from Bavarian and Alsatian representatives. [29] The consequential economic devastation, later exacerbated by the Great Depression, as well as humiliation and outrage experienced by the German population are considered leading factors in the rise of Adolf Hitler and Nazism. Additionally, the German Colonial Office runs naval outposts in Djibouti, Madagascar and several other formerly French island possesions and is responsible for administrating Mauritius, the Seychelles as well as Saint Helena and Dependencies together with Britain. Islands were gained in the Pacific through purchase and treaties and also a 99-year lease for the territory of Kiautschou in northeast China. During the departure ceremonies for the German contingent, Wilhelm II urged them to behave like the Hun invaders of continental Europe an unfortunate remark that would later be resurrected by British propagandists to paint Germans as barbarians during World War I and World War II. Bismarck's policy was to pursue a solution diplomatically. Tirpitz embarked on a program of economic decentralization. Confessional prejudices, especially towards mixed marriages, were still common. The president of the Reichsbank, Rudolf Havenstein, established a team of renowned economists, including Karl Helfferich, Hjalmar Schacht and Hans Luther. Over two million Muslims also lived under German colonial rule, primarily in German East Africa. Jochen Streb, et al. Although authoritarian in many respects, the empire had some democratic features. Thus Germany had at last achieved its long-wanted dominance of "Mitteleuropa" (Central Europe) and could now focus fully on defeating the Allies on the Western Front. A few (0.5%) spoke French, the vast majority of these in the Reichsland Elsass-Lothringen where francophones formed 11.6% of the total population. Espaol - Latinoamrica (Spanish - Latin America), https://steamcommunity.com/sharedfiles/filedetails/?id=2846552125&searchtext=, https://steamcommunity.com/sharedfiles/filedetails/?id=1521695605. Reprograf. Germany is a semi-federal semi-constitutional monarchy ruled by the German Kaiser, which is a position in permanent union with the Kingdom of Prussia. The social security systems installed by Bismarck (health care in 1883, accident insurance in 1884, invalidity and old-age insurance in 1889) at the time were the largest in the world and, to a degree, still exist in Germany today. For example, both postage stamps and currency were issued for the empire as a whole. On July 24th 1923, after a week of feverish and indecisive campaigning known as Tage der Schreihlse (German: Days of the Squallers), the Kaiser finally picked a new Reichskanzler that proved he would be able to use the calls for reform for his own ends: Grand Admiral Alfred von Tirpitz. Staunchly anti-syndicalist, Germany has declared its hostility against the Commune of France, the Socialist Republic of Italy, and the Union of Britain. They stressed the strong bureaucratic state, reforms initiated by Bismarck and other strong leaders, the Prussian service ethos, the high culture of philosophy and music, and Germany's pioneering of a social welfare state. [33], On 10 December 1870, the North German Confederation Reichstag renamed the Confederation the "German Empire" and gave the title of German Emperor to William I, the King of Prussia, as Bundesprsidium of the Confederation. The more radical deputies in the Reichstag formed an inner circle, led by the media mogul Alfred Hugenberg, to combat liberal and democratic influences. In the popular mind Jews became a symbol of capitalism and wealth. In October 1918, after the failed Spring Offensive, the German armies were in retreat, allies Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman Empire had collapsed, and Bulgaria had surrendered. About 92% of the population spoke German as their first language. The government exercised executive power, and was led by a Chancellor, who was appointed by the Emperor and directly reported to him; he was not responsible to the legislature as in other parliamentary systems. Unlike his grandfather, Wilhelm I, who had been largely content to leave government affairs to the chancellor, Wilhelm II wanted to be fully informed and actively involved in running Germany, not an ornamental figurehead, although most Germans found his claims of divine right to rule amusing. According to the historiography by Kocka (1988), the process of nation-building from above had very grievous long-term implications. Traditional, aristocratic, premodern society battled an emerging capitalist, bourgeois, modernising society. [53], German factories were larger and more modern than their British and French counterparts. With the exception of 18721873 and 18921894, the chancellor was always simultaneously the prime minister of Prussia. The Kaiser is getting old, and so is the post-Weltkrieg order. His son Wilhelm II became emperor. The German high command knew that France would muster its forces to go into Alsace-Lorraine. In 1904, the Herero and the Nama revolted against the colonists in Southwest Africa, killing farm families, their laborers and servants. Azerbaijan, a country friendly towards Germany, has allowed Berlin to have oil concessions within its territory. [60] The German rail network was followed by Austria-Hungary (43,280km, 26,890mi), France (40,770km, 25,330mi), the United Kingdom (32,623km, 20,271mi), Italy (18,873km, 11,727mi) and Spain (15,088km, 9,375mi).[61]. occupation of British colonial possessions, Aufsichtsrat der Ostasiatischen Generalverwaltung, reach internal stability via imperialist expansion, Known as the "Shadow Chancellor" due to his high age, delegated lots of his powers to his state secretaries. Gradual decline in popularity along with. Legislation however has to be approved by the Reichstag, a chamber elected proportionally by universal male suffrage, and the Bundesrat, consisting of representatives from each of the states. update: i have found out that both Authdems and Radsocs are obtainable as australasia, surprisingly, so they have been added to the sheet as possible Austalasian ideologies. It was succeeded by the Weimar Republic. On the other hand, the constitution and legal system protected the rights of Jews as German citizens. After black monday Germany maintains status quo, aka the country is a semi-constitutional monarchy and autoritarian rule is mantain, however it gives minor reforms like limited women rights and allow cristian-state controlled trade unions. Bismarck's domestic policies played an important role in forging the authoritarian political culture of the Kaiserreich. Bismarck's "revolutionary conservatism" was a conservative state-building strategy designed to make ordinary Germansnot just the Junker elitemore loyal to the throne and empire. This is a very cool resource to have. This article is about the German nation-state existing from 1871 until 1918. Reagin, Nancy R. "Recent Work on German National Identity: Regional? The patriotic fervor generated by the Franco-Prussian War of 1870 overwhelmed the remaining opposition to a unified Germany (aside from Austria) in the four states south of the Main, and during November 1870, they joined the North German Confederation by treaty. The German economy remained one of the strongest, most stable and prosperous in Europe and the world. In urbanism, Walter Gropius and his young rival, Albert Speer, struggle for the attention of the German government, intent on majestic monuments in memory of the Weltkrieg. 2. The winter of 19161917 was known as the "turnip winter", because the people had to survive on a vegetable more commonly reserved for livestock, as a substitute for potatoes and meat, which were increasingly scarce. In addition, German investments in Mitteleuropa, resources from the colonies (especially in Africa), and liberal welfare programs also further cemented Germany's economic ascendancy and also its status as the European hegemon. According to Kees van Kersbergen and Barbara Vis, his strategy was: granting social rights to enhance the integration of a hierarchical society, to forge a bond between workers and the state so as to strengthen the latter, to maintain traditional relations of authority between social and status groups, and to provide a countervailing power against the modernist forces of liberalism and socialism. Berghahn, Volker Rolf. The Kaiserreich Path Guide Sheet, by u/KRFrostleaf and u/Yularen2077 Hello KReddit, i am here to announce that me and Yularen have created this google spreadsheet, where we plan to map out every single Kaiserreich path and the guides on how to get each of them, with the courtesy of Yularen's work on the guides. They played an especially negative role in the crisis of 19301933. Tirpitz ended his agenda of foreign withdrawal in 1925 with the well-executed occupation of British colonial possessions following the outbreak of the British Revolution and an alliance with the Zhili Clique of China the next year. Germany invested more heavily than the British in research, especially in chemistry, ICE engines and electricity. and almost entirely Protestant areas (Schleswig-Holstein, Pomerania, Saxony, etc.). After the black monday Germany succesfully reforms into a true constitutional monarchy, gives women rights, allow trade unions to exist, and ends autoritarian rule. [64], Much more serious were the May laws of 1873. A series of allied offensives in 1915 against German positions in Artois and Champagne resulted in huge allied casualties and little territorial change. The Dada wave has also spread to Germany, a divided country who enjoyed the favorable conclusion of the Weltkrieg while it suffered from the long war and blockade: Max Ernst and George Grosz's work, for instance, is characterized by the trauma of the war years. [69], As it was throughout Europe at the time, Antisemitism was endemic in Germany during the period. Germany was left with no firm ally but Austria-Hungary, and her support for action in annexing Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1908 further soured relations with Russia. [76] Bismarck's last few years had seen power slip from his hands as he grew older, more irritable, more authoritarian, and less focused. Upon acquiring Southwest Africa, German settlers were encouraged to cultivate land held by the Herero and Nama. The Kaiser allowed it, and immediately named the popular Field Marshal, Paul von Hindenburg, his successor. [81] However nearly all the schools in Imperial Germany had a very high standard and kept abreast with modern developments in knowledge. He alone appointed and dismissed the chancellor (so in practice, the emperor ruled the empire through the chancellor), was supreme commander-in-chief of the armed forces, and final arbiter of all foreign affairs, and could also disband the Reichstag to call for new elections. On Sunday, April 19, 2019, Kaiser Wilhelm II returned from his long exile to reclaim his throne. Wilhelm II wanted to reassert his ruling prerogatives at a time when other monarchs in Europe were being transformed into constitutional figureheads. On the other side of the coin, the failed resettlement policies, characterized by the Polish Frontier Strip debacle, failed to help the struggling Junkers and disrupted economic ties with Poland, hindering the economic integration of the eastern puppet states into Mitteleuropa. In the face of systematic defiance, the Bismarck government increased the penalties and its attacks, and were challenged in 1875 when a papal encyclical declared the whole ecclesiastical legislation of Prussia was invalid, and threatened to excommunicate any Catholic who obeyed. Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. The force also maintains a presence abroad, most prominently at Tsingtau, where a large air contingent is located.