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Established in March 1865, the Bureau had provided blacks in the South with material assistance, schools, and guidance in settling on abandoned land. The teacher may also wish to explain to the students the use of the word Negro in some of these documents. Upon taking office, Grant hoped to build upon the previously established framework by championing the 15th Amendment to enhance, protect, and guarantee black male voting rights nationwide. Did black voting end in 1877 with the end of Reconstruction? "Z~(Y9I,$iA4rHR2y"xBCDx!uF$P=C|# But how much really changed? Analyzing Primary SourcesThis lesson involves using a number of primary source documents authored by a variety of people; some were highly educated, others were less so, and still others were recently freed slaves who were barely literate. While some historians see Reconstruction as both success and failure, Foner takes an unequivocal stance that Reconstruction was not at all successful. He cites several reasons in support of his opinion economic and political, as well as social. dzB;. Senators? instituted public school systems and did away with the property requirements for voting. it was now all white corruption so did not attract as much attention. D 7. Blacks that did not have jobs could be put in jail, and therefore took the first job (even bad jobs) offered to them. Maintaining a visible and active presence of Union troops in the South to facilitate the peaceful operation of government and Reconstruction was expensive and frustrating to many in Congress. pF{:RTV (113M Prior to his election Congress had already passed, among other legislative acts: Guaranteed protection for all U.S. citizens, regardless of color, to "to make and enforce contracts, to sue, be parties, give evidence, and to the full and equal benefit of all laws and proceedings for the security of persons and property as is enjoyed by white citizens, and shall be subject to like punishment, pains, penalties, taxes, licenses, and exactions of every kind." In all, the history of Reconstruction was an object lesson in the limitations of persuasion in politicsas was the history of the Civil War that preceded it. The Freedmen's Bureau was designed to help blacks and poor whites by providing cloths, food, and education. They gave land to the railroads. The Presidential Plans (Lincoln and Johnson), the Congressional President Ulysses S. Grant presided over the waning days of Reconstruction. Republicans regained a substantial number of voters who had previously been denied voting rights due to unproven war crimes. This narrative was promoted by former Confederates, academics, and politicians alike and served to falsely provide an underlying ideology to justify denying equal rights. Laws passed by the South during Presidential Reconstruction that regulated the lives of freed slaves. from your Reading List will also remove any What wasthe primary purpose of the Reconstruction period following the Civil War? Fear of black rule. 20F_B[G S`F>6~hf( A bill was introduced in February 1866 to reauthorize the oneyearold Freedmen's Bureau and allow it to try in military courts persons accused of depriving former slaves of their rights. Reconstruction in Practice. Copy of Evaluating Reconstruction Interactive Activity.docx, Karen-Hernandez_Evaluating_Reconstruction_Interactive_Activity, Evaluating Reconstruction Interactive Project.docx, Janmarco Ordonez Romero - Evaluating Reconstruction Interactive Project.pdf, Linh Ho - Reconstruction Notes Questions.docx, Deysha Macrae Reconstruction assignment.docx, HIS 121-W1 Ch. Radical Republicans thought it was letting the South off too easily. The citizens of the South had to take an oath of loyalty, and once 10% of the state had taken the oath the state could rejoin the Union. The term was used derisively by white Southern Democrats who opposed Reconstruction legislation. What was Johnson's plan for Reconstruction? they wre industrialists and bankers. WebEvaluating Reconstruction Directions: Watch Crash Course #22 and use your Reconstruction Notes to answer the questions below. This hostility gathered strength as scandals continued to supply evidence for its justification. What did the Black Codes indicate to the North? vague-treason, bribery, or other high crimes or misdemeanors. After reading their assigned document, students should answer the document questions on their worksheet and then proceed to the interactive to answer those questions. Ulysses S. Grant was confronted with these momentous questions upon his election to the presidency in 1868. (Ge,YAjB%f~&L uG0Bqw4$VFF[RN ;J_:;`' This was all Congress needed to begin impeachment proceedings. Once you are finished, click the button below. 132 0 obj <>stream many had borrowed form the merchants who forclosed on them when they could not pay. It was thought the freed slaves would be forced to work. Compose and turn in for a grade a 2-4 page brief for the historian in Activity 2 that more fully evaluates the views presented in the document covered by his or her group. The Civil Rights Act of 1866 defined citizenship and affirmed that all citizens are equally protected by the law. answer choices True False Question 19 30 seconds Q. Southern States had to approve the 13Amendment 2) Southern states had to nullify seceding from the union. The Reconstruction Act was refined by subsequent legislation. Throughout his term, Johnson would try to use his Executive Branch appointments and role as Commander in Chief to try to resist Radical Reconstruction efforts being forwarded by the Republican-controlled Congress. In June 1868, Congress determined that Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, North Carolina, and South Carolina had met the requirements, and the states were admitted to the Union. The four states did not rejoin the Union until 1870. Georgia, along with Mississippi, Texas, and Virginia, had to satisfy an additional condition: ratification of the Fifteenth Amendment, which prohibited the states from denying a citizen the right to vote because of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. There were many reasons for the unpopularity of Congressional Reconstruction in the South. 0 Upon completing this lesson, students will begin to see the ways in which a political and constitutional crisis emboldened some lasting divisions within American society and, perhaps what is more important, the ways in which the crisis forged a new path for a stronger and more perfect Union. The worksheet provided in the Text Document for Activity 1 asks two sets of questions: one set relates to the document, and the other relates to the corresponding section of the interactive. For this activity, the students will use the interactive maps [temporarily located at http://civclients.com/nehint/recon/] as well as the documents specified below that can be found in the Text Document for Activity 1. Worked a piece of land for a fixed share of the crop. 0. hb```c``e`f`xb,@($yQAI &l&a81r``Hs20A4 dUf ` Take sample from your personal experience. Grant won the 1868 presidential election by a landslide in the Electoral College, but only won the popular vote by 300,000 ballots. There was no profit for workers. Sharecroppers typically did not have enough good farmland or time to tend to it. Many Southerners were scared of rebellion. e17bZVXrKW@]snp/bAb Ff# 4} GoBEeNoh,:XDlU@? 1&f<6a&wX5:(mIt%`}o"0`PVi>r#7e^2F+Y{\p^W white Democrats who used their political power to oppress the Black community, PREPOSITIONS AND CONJUNCTIONS (INFINITIVE VS., Eric Hinderaker, James A. Henretta, Rebecca Edwards, Robert O. Self, John Lund, Paul S. Vickery, P. Scott Corbett, Todd Pfannestiel, Volker Janssen. Powerful families regularly disagree on who should gain control over which resources. Who was the Republican leader in the House? The EDSITEment-reviewed sites Digital History and Documenting the American South offer a wide variety of documents concerning the effects of Reconstruction on the newly freed black population and Southern society, in general. Workers would be given a modest home, supplies, and a small portion of land to farm for personal use in exchange for also farming the landowners land. More recent interpretations, however, offer a broader timeline for Reconstruction. endstream endobj 115 0 obj <>stream Lincolns view, while prudent, was not extremely popular. The first federal immigration restrictions were passed during this time. The great political battles of the era were full of interesting reflections and assertions about the nature and purpose of America and American government. Please visit using a browser with javascript enabled. Why of why not? Congress was divided among Radical, Moderate, and Conservative Republicans and Democrats. Previous His campaign theme was "Let Us Have Peace," and he tried his best to promote sectional and racial harmony throughout the country. Once each convention's elections were held for governor, state legislators, and members of Congress, the states would be readmitted to the Union. In this activity, students will be asked to imagine that they are research assistants gathering evidence for a prominent historian (the teacher) during the years following Reconstruction. But charges of corruption were not limited to Grants administration. %%EOF It formally brought the Southern states back into the Union. How did white Southerners view the Freedmen's Bureau? Republicans were in control of both the House and Senate, and they gave a ringing endorsement to the amendment and congressional, not presidential, Reconstruction. that he violated the Tenure of Office Act--by firing Sec of War Stanton. Discuss how these policies may have affected attitudes in the country and, subsequently, how these attitudes helped or hindered politics upon the conclusion of the Reconstruction era. (southern Democrats). The Southerners saw the Freedmen's Bureau as an organization giving free food to freedmen but never requiring them to work, making them lazy. The historians aim is to write the first comprehensive history of the period. What was President Johnsons role in the period of Radical Reconstruction that took place in 1867 and 1868? The teacher may also wish to visit the two EDSITEment-reviewed websites mentioned above for additional background material concerning reconstruction: America's Reconstruction: People and Politics After the Civil War and Freedmen and Southern Society Project: Chronology of Emancipation. After completing both sections of the worksheet, the group should discuss what they have learned about their topic through the interactive and the document. View Screenshot 2023-03-01 at 8.13.38 PM.png from SOCIAL STUDIES 58557 at Mt Zion High School. Why was the election of 1876 called the Disputed Election? While many of the efforts at reconstruction were legitimate and well-intentioned, a good number were not. Southern voters also elected to Congress highranking Confederate officials and officers, some of whom had not received one of the thirteen thousand pardons Johnson issued during the summer of 1865. Question 4 Federal troops were removed from the Southern states and the Democratic majority was entrusted to protect and enforce the rights of African Americans. WebStudy with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Freedmen's Bureau, Reconstruction, Lincoln's Reconstruction Plan and more. What synonym clue shows up in the next paragraph? Northern Republicans who moved down South, often with intentions of helping rebuild Southern society. Essentially repudiating the 1857 Dred Scott decision, the amendment clearly states that all persons born or naturalized in the United States are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. It provides for due process and equal protection under the law. The teacher will also want to discuss the vernacular and odd spellings that occasionally come through in diary entries and interviews with ordinary citizens and ex-slaves. endstream endobj startxref What segregated (separated) blacks & whites after Reconstruction. To help African Americans, particularly those who had been enslaved, adjust to life with increased rights and responsibilities, To ensure that white voters supported anti-slavery laws and policies. In this paper we utilize saliency maps to evaluate whether this correlation exists. Despite these violations of both the letter and spirit of his program, the president announced that Reconstruction was complete in December 1865. Question 3 How did the WadeDavis Bill deal with the issues of Reconstruction? The sentence contains at least one complement. Yes, two from Mississippi. WebWhat is meant by the term Reconstruction? 422 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<265032BD191E80938A6ADD50CB5C2A09><70F37FA8EF8F2147B5D06180275EA241>]/Index[414 23]/Info 413 0 R/Length 60/Prev 68229/Root 415 0 R/Size 437/Type/XRef/W[1 2 1]>>stream Granted citizenship, due process, and equal protection under the law. Also, this page requires javascript. Certainly, there was deep resentment on the part of many white southerners who did not want to accept the idea of racial equality. Johnson wrote much of the Reconstruction legislation himself. What was the purpose of the Black Codes which were enacted in Southern states in 1865 and 1866? Why was the Battle of Midway a turning point in the war in the Pacific? It was known as the 10% Plan. was a negative term Southerners adopted and gave to opportunistic and speculative Northerners who moved to the South during the Reconstruction Era, often seen as frauds. Underline each complement and indicate what kind of complement each one is.